ABSTRACT
On 25 November 2021, the world health organization listed Omicron as a newly arisen and the fifth variant of concern (VoC) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The genome sequence of Omicron showed the utmost number of mutations compared to other known VoCs up to now, and it was regarded as the only SARS-CoV-2 variant with changes in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). However, the Omicron is still detectable via previous polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Clinical presentation of the disease is identical to previous VoCs, however in vitro and in vivo studies revealed a higher transmission rate. The biggest obstacles posed by Omicron are the immune escape and reduction in vaccine effectiveness, as indicated by many simulations and real-world studies. Although the efficacy of the two-dose vaccinations is suboptimal for Omicron, preliminary studies have considered the injection of a booster shot is beneficial and can decrease the risk of severe disease. All these new features of Omicron warranted close investigation of this VoC as a new chapter in the pandemic, especially with emersion of subvariants BA.4 and BA.5. This review presents a conspectus of the current knowledge on the COVID-19 Omicron variant biological, clinical, and epidemiological changes. © 2023 The Author(s).
ABSTRACT
Considering the current level of the majority of people affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in public, there seem to be lengthy financial and psychiatric consequences. Depression is a significant psychological condition among the aged, affecting their well-being. The goal of this research is to investigate the levels of tension and related variables in older adults. These could result in severe emotional and physiological abnormalities, including PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), stress, nervousness, suicidal tendencies, and behavioral issues. Isolation, disinformation on social networking sites, financial instability, and discrimination are all possible causes. Because medical practitioners are at significantly higher risk of getting PTSD and exhaustion, it is critical to study and investigate the effects and drivers to avoid, recognize, and control these disorders. Providing customer service for nervous people, videoconferencing, internet networking & assistance communities, promoting relaxation, investigating psychiatric repercussions, and designing and implementing appropriate therapies are relevant diagnoses. © 2022 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The emergence arid rapid spread of COVID-19 led to the development of novel vaccines to light against the disease. Although COVID-19 vaccines are the major key to controlling the disease and have a good safety profile, they may be associated with some adverse events. Recently, a few studies noted that inadvertent incorrect injection of COVID-19 vaccines may lead to the development of serious adverse events. Herein, we report a case of inadvertent intravenous COVID-19 vaccine injection who developed severe anaphylactic shock following receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Proper vaccine injection technique training may help to reduce the risk of developing adverse events and improve vaccine safety and efficacy.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 is an expanding social, economic, and health epidemic. Present COVID-19, as it has led to tremendous increases in psychiatric problems, has a leading national influence on this secondary disease. COVID-19 caused widespread hysteria, socioeconomic injury, and a high infection rate and mortality to the psychosocial effect. The virus is predictable to pose a big global mental health problem that already has a huge impact on millions of people’s physical health. Emotional and cognitive risks. Discussed various perceived risks when the perceived surveillance reduced health risk chance. The prediction model incorporates biological, psychological, and social variables in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of COVID-19 by logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, RNN (Recurrent Neural Network), and PNN (Probability Neural Network). In order to provide doctors and patients with information about their use, efficacy, and deficiencies, this research includes a design evaluation for the topic, diagnosis, and assessment of moderate or extreme neurocognitive impairments. The adverse effects of fear, cold, and depression increase the health risk;obsession raises the health risk, risks between individuals and mental health, and uncertainty;Finally, positive mental states enhance health risk perception. Further, positive survivor techniques can help ease emotional distress that causes tension, while pessimistic coping mechanisms can intensify emotional symptoms due to stress. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Predicting the outcomes of COVID-19 cases using different clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters is one of the most interesting fields of research in this regard. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between chest computed tomography (CT) scan findings and outcomes of COVID-19 cases. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on confirmed COVID-19 cases with clinical manifestations and chest CT scan findings based on Iran's National Guidelines for defining COVID-19. Baseline and chest CT scan characteristics of patients were investigated and their correlation with mortality was analyzed and reported using SPSS 21.0. Results: 380 patients with the mean age of 53.62 ± 16.66 years were evaluated (66.1% male). The most frequent chest CT scan abnormalities were in peripheral (86.6%) and peribronchovascular interstitium (34.6%), with ground glass pattern (54.1%), and round (53.6%) or linear (46.7%) shape. There was a significant correlation between shape of abnormalities (p = 0.003), CT scan Severity Score (CTSS) (p <0.0001), and pulmonary artery CT diameter (p = 0. 01) with mortality. The mean CTSS of non-survived cases was significantly higher (13.68 ± 4.59 versus 8.72 ± 4.42;<0.0001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of CTSS in predicting the patients' mortality was 0.800 (95% CI: 0.716-0.884). The best cut off point of chest CTSS in this regard was 12 with 75.82% (95% CI: 56.07%-88.98%) sensitivity and 75.78% (95% CI: 70.88%-80.10%) specificity. The mean main pulmonary artery diameter in patients with CTSS > 12 was higher than cases with CTSS < 12 (27.89 ± 3.73 vs 26.24 ± 3.14 mm;p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study it seems that there is a significant correlation between chest CT scan characteristics and mortality of COVID-19 cases. Patients with lower CTSS, lower pulmonary artery CT diameter, and round shape opacity had lower mortality.